'''Mitchell David Kapor''' (1. november 1950) is the founder of [[Lotus Software|Lotus Development Corporation]] and the designer of [[Lotus 1-2-3]]. He is also a co-founder of the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] and was the first chair of the [[Mozilla Foundation]]. He has been involved in a number of other Internet-oriented organizations.

==Biography==
===Early life and education===
Kapor was born in [[Brooklyn, New York]], and attended public schools on Long Island in [[Freeport, New York]],<ref name="Mitchell Kapor's Biography">[http://www.kapor.com/bio/index.html Mitchell Kapor's Biography]</ref> where he graduated from high school in 1967. He received a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] from [[Yale College]] in 1971 and studied [[psychology]], [[linguistics]] and [[computer science]] as part of an interdisciplinary major in [[Cybernetics]]. Kapor served as Music Director and Program Director at Yale's radio station [[WYBC-FM]].

During the 1970s, Kapor was employed as a [[radio]] [[disc jockey]] at WHCN-FM, a commercial [[progressive rock]] station based in [[Hartford]], [[Connecticut]]. It was also in this period that he became interested in [[Transcendental Meditation]], going on to teach the philosophy in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (where he also worked as a low-level [[computer programmer]]) and [[Fairfield, Iowa]]. In 1978, he graduated with a Master's degree in [[counseling]] [[psychology]] from Campus-Free College (later renamed [[Beacon College]]) in [[Boston]]. Kapor subsequently began a career as a [[mental health]] counselor at [[New England Memorial Hospital]] in [[Stoneham, Massachusetts]].<ref name="Mitchell Kapor's Biography"/>

In 1980, Kapor left his counseling career to attend the [[MIT Sloan School of Management#History|Master's of Science in Management]] program at the [[MIT Sloan School of Management]], but did not graduate.

===Lotus===
Kapor founded [[Lotus Software|Lotus Development Corporation]] in 1982 with [[Jonathan Sachs]], who was responsible for technical architecture and implementation, and created Lotus 1-2-3. Kapor served as the President (later Chairman) and Chief Executive Officer of Lotus from 1982 to 1986 and as a Director until 1987. In 1983, Lotus' first year of operations, the company achieved revenues of $53,000,000 and had a successful public offering. In 1984 the company tripled in revenue to $156,000,000. The number of employees grew to over a thousand by 1985.

Lotus' first product was presentation software for the [[Apple II]] known as Lotus Executive Briefing System. Kapor founded Lotus after working as head of development at [[VisiCorp]] (the marketers of VisiCalc) and selling the rights to his products VisiPlot and VisiTrend to VisiCorp.

Shortly after Kapor left VisiCorp, Sachs and he designed and developed an integrated spreadsheet and graphing program. Even though IBM and VisiCorp collaborated on [[VisiCalc]] for the PC and VisiCalc shipped simultaneously with the PC, Lotus had a superior product. Lotus released [[Lotus 1-2-3]] in January 1983. The name referred to the three ways the product could be used: as a spreadsheet, a graphics package, and a [[database manager]]. The last function was seldomly used. 1-2-3 was the most powerful spreadsheet available in the new PC-compatible market; sales were enormous, turning Lotus into the largest independent software vendor in the world almost overnight. The business plan had called for $1,000,000 in sales in the first year, but the actual results were $53,000,000.

Kapor was also the fundamental architect of the "free-form" database application, [[Lotus Agenda]].

In October 1984 [[Jim Manzi]] was named President, and in April 1986 he was named as [[CEO]], succeeding Kapor who had become inactive in the company.

===Electronic Frontier Foundation===
In 1990, with fellow digital rights activists [[John Perry Barlow]] and [[John Gilmore (activist)|John Gilmore]], he co-founded the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], and served as its chairman until 1994. The EFF is a non-profit civil liberties organization working in the public interest to protect privacy, free expression, and access to public resources and information online, as well as to promote responsibility in new media.

===Mozilla Foundation===
Kapor was the Chair of the [[Mozilla Foundation]] at its inception in 2003. He founded the [[Mitchell Kapor Foundation]] to support his philanthropic interests in environmental health. He also co-founded, and is on the board of, the [[Level Playing Field Institute]], a [[501(c)|501c(3)]] dedicated to fairness in education and workplaces. Kapor was the original Chair and is currently on the Board of Directors of [[Linden Lab]], a [[San Francisco]]-based company which created the popular virtual world [[Second Life]], and a member of the Advisory Board for the [[Wikimedia Foundation]].<ref name="">{{cite web | publisher = [[Wikimedia Foundation]] | title = Advisory Board | url = http://wikimediafoundation.org/w/index.php?title=Advisory_Board&oldid=19240 | date = January 22, 2007 | accessdate = 2007-01-28}}</ref>

===OneWebDay===
In May 2009, after founder [[Susan P. Crawford]] had joined the Obama administration, Kapor took over chairmanship of [[OneWebDay]] - the "Earth Day for the internet".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onewebday.org/?p=668 |title=New Leadership for OneWebDay |accessdate=2009-05-26 }}</ref>

===Other startups===
In 1990, Kapor's new company ''On Technology'' introduced their new product ''On Location,'' an application designed for the Macintosh that contained an indexing system that permit quick retrieval and display of text on the Mac's hard disk.<ref name=PCOLKapor/>  "We think we're being cagey by bringing it out on the Mac first," Kapor said.<ref name=PCOLKapor/> "It's a richer medium than MS-DOS, and if we have a hot product in the Mac market, it will be easier to get into the PC market."<ref name=PCOLKapor>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7D9123FF931A15752C0A966958260 New York Times.  " New Retrieval Software By On Technology Inc." by John Markoff. January 22, 1990.]</ref>

In 2001, Kapor founded the [[Open Source Applications Foundation]], where he worked on [[Chandler (PIM)|Chandler Project]]. His involvement with the Foundation and Project [http://blog.kapor.com/?p=77 ended in 2008].

In 2006, Kapor founded his latest startup, ''Foxmarks'' (later renamed as [[Xmarks]]), based in San Francisco.

==Personal life==
He is married to [[Freada Kapor Klein]] and resides in [[San Francisco]].

==Articles==
*"Civil Liberties in Cyberspace" - ''[[Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks]]'', September, 1991 [http://www.eff.org/Misc/Publications/Mitch_Kapor/cyberliberties_kapor.article]
*[http://www.eff.org/effector/effect01.11 Electronic Newsletter of The Electronic Frontier Foundation, Cambridge, MA] - scroll down to ''Current Legislative and Policy Efforts by Mitchell Kapor.'' - September 1991
*[http://www.eff.org/Misc/Publications/Mitch_Kapor Articles in the EFF archive]

==Bibliography==
*[[Scott Rosenberg (journalist)|Rosenberg, Scott]]. ''[[Dreaming in Code|Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software]]'' (2007) [[Random House]] ISBN 978-1-4000-8246-9, about Mitch Kapor, collaboration and massive software endeavors, particularly the open source calendar application [[Chandler (PIM)|Chandler]].

== See also ==
* [[Massively distributed collaboration]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://wp.osafoundation.org/ OSAF community weblog] 
* [http://blog.kapor.com Mitch Kapor's blog]
* [http://blogs.osafoundation.org/mitch/ Mitch Kapor's weblog archives]
* [http://www.onlamp.com/lpt/a/4860 Inside Mitch Kapor's World]
* [http://www.lpfi.org Level Playing Field Institute]
* [http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=2586 Mitch Kapor's ''Why Wikipedia is the next big thing'']
* [http://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/wiki/Presenters/Mitch_Kapor Wikimania 2006 bio]
* [http://foxmarks.com Foxmarks]
* [http://edcorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?author=273 How to build a successful company], Mitch speaking at Stanford (podcast & video)
* [http://webcast.berkeley.edu/course_details.php?seriesid=1906978370 Open Source Development and Distribution of Digital Information] Webcast of the entire course at UC Berkeley